Male fertility problems often have no obvious symptoms. This guide explains when to seek advice, how male fertility is assessed and what may happen next.

Male infertility treatment depends on the cause, semen findings and both partners' circumstances. Options range from treating a defined cause to IVF or ICSI.

Male infertility can involve sperm production, sperm delivery, hormones, ejaculation or several factors together. A structured assessment can identify causes that need treatment.

A semen analysis measures several features of semen and sperm. Learn how to provide a reliable sample and how current UK reference values are used.

Some practical changes support general and reproductive health, but no routine or supplement can guarantee better sperm or a pregnancy.